Surrogate Embryo Transfer Procedure in Detail

surrogacy is a way to help people who are unable to conceive on their own become parents. The most important step in the process is the Embryo transfer surgery.. This article will explain the process using simple language and clear lists, incorporating data from research and experts to ensure the content is easy to understand.

1. Preparation for embryo transfer

Step 1: Hormone therapy

Prior to embryo transfer, the surrogate mother is required to undergo a series of medical preparations, the most important step of which is to take the hormonal drugsThese medications work by regulating the hormone levels in the surrogate mother's body. The main purpose of these medications is to regulate the hormone levels in the surrogate mother's body to help the lining of the uterus become thick and suitable for the embryo to settle. Doctors usually prescribe oestrogen respond in singing progesterone Two key medications, the former helps to thicken the uterine lining, while the latter maintains the stability of the uterine environment to ensure that the embryo is able to attach and develop successfully.

• Blood Tests respond in singing echography are an important part of hormone therapy. The doctor will regularly monitor the surrogate mother's hormone levels and uterine condition through these tests to ensure that her body is ready for the embryo transfer. For example, the doctor may ask the surrogate mother to have a test on the second or third day of her menstrual cycle in order to assess the state of the uterine lining and ovarian function.
• Endometrial thickness It is one of the key factors for successful embryo implantation. Research has shown that the ideal endometrial thickness is usually 8-12 mm, if the thickness is insufficient, it may affect the ability of the embryo to attach. Therefore, the doctor will adjust the dosage of hormone medication according to the test results to achieve the best results.

Step 2: Selection of the best embryo

The embryo selection process is crucial as it directly affects the success of the embryo transfer. The following are the main steps in embryo selection:

1. embryo culture: In the laboratory, after the egg and sperm combine to form a fertilized egg, the embryo is cultured in a specific environment for a few days until it reaches the blastocyst stage(usually days 5-6). Embryos at the blastocyst stage are considered to have a higher potential for implantation because they have undergone an initial natural screening process.
2. genetic testing: To further improve the success rate, your doctor may recommend a Pre-implantation Genetic Testing (PGT). This test screens for chromosomally abnormal embryos so that healthy embryos can be selected for transfer. Studies have shown that the success rate of transferring embryos that have undergone genetic testing can be as high as 75-80%that were significantly higher than those of the untested embryos.
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Step 3: Psychological preparation

Surrogacy involves not only physical adjustments but also psychological support. Surrogate mothers may experience mood swings throughout the process, especially while waiting for pregnancy test results. These mood swings can stem from uncertainty about the results and perceived stress about their role.

To help a surrogate mother better cope with these challenges, it is recommended that she join the Support group Or consult a professional psychologist. Support groups can provide surrogate mothers with emotional support and experience sharing, while counseling can help her relieve anxiety and build a positive mindset. In addition, expectant parents can help the surrogate mother feel more supported and understood by maintaining good communication with her.

Through adequate preparation in the above three aspects, the physical and psychological state of the surrogate mother will be more suitable for embryo transfer, thus laying a solid foundation for a successful pregnancy.

2. Embryo transfer operations

Specific steps of the surgery

Embryo transfer is a quick and painless procedure, usually without anesthesia, and the entire procedure takes about 10-15 minutes . Here are the exact steps:

1. preliminary: The surrogate mother will need to lie flat on her back in a hospital bed and the doctor will use a Transvaginal ultrasound to locate the optimal position of the uterus. This step is very important because it ensures that the embryo is placed in the area of the uterine lining that is best suited for implantation. In addition, the doctor may ask the surrogate mother to hold her urine ahead of time to help the ultrasound show the position of the uterus more clearly.
2. Embryo Transfer Catheter: The doctor loads the screened, high-quality embryos into a tiny Embryo Transfer Catheter The embryo is then precisely placed into the uterine cavity through the cervical opening. This process is usually done under ultrasound guidance to ensure that the embryo is placed in the optimal position.
3. postoperative observation: Upon completion of the procedure, the surrogate mother will be asked to rest in the hospital for a period of time, after which she may return home. While the procedure itself does not require hospitalization, post-operative care is critical to the success rate.

Post-Operative Precautions

To improve the success rate of embryo implantation, doctors usually give the following advice:

• bed rest: Recommended rest at least 24 hoursAvoid strenuous activity or heavy lifting. However, embryos do not "fall out" with normal activity, so moderate activity is fine.
• Maintaining a good state of mind: Avoiding excessive stress or anxiety and maintaining a relaxed state of mind will help your body to better adapt to the embryo's implantation.

3. What happens after embryo transfer?

Normal body reactions

After embryo transfer, the surrogate mother may feel some physical changes. These changes are usually normal, but they do require close observation so that abnormalities can be detected in time.

1. drip drip (e.g. medical drip feed): Slight bleeding can be caused by the embryo attaching to the endometrium. This phenomenon is called "implantation bleeding" and usually occurs in the first few days after the transfer. 7-10 days, is normal. However, if the bleeding is heavy or accompanied by severe pain, you should seek immediate medical attention.
2. abdominal cramping: Similar to pain during menstruation, it is usually temporary. This discomfort may be caused because the embryo is trying to attach to the lining of the uterus or due to changes in hormone levels.
3. fatigue: Due to changes in hormone levels, surrogate mothers may feel tired or drowsy. This is a sign that the body is adapting to the new state and it is advisable to get plenty of rest and maintain a good routine.

Schedule of pregnancy tests

In the post embryo transfer two-weekSurrogate mothers are required to undergo Pregnancy Tests.. Below is a specific timeline:

1. Day 7: The embryo begins to try to attach to the lining of the uterus. At this point, some women may feel slight abdominal discomfort or increased discharge, which is an early sign of embryo attachment.
2. Day 10: The embryo may have completed implantation. Some women may begin to experience early pregnancy reactions, such as breast tenderness, frequent urination or mood swings, but these symptoms vary from person to person.
3. Day 14: Perform blood tests to detect β-hCG Hormone levels to confirm pregnancy. This is the most accurate way to determine if the embryo has successfully implanted.

By observing the above timetable and physical reactions, surrogate mothers can better understand their physical condition and prepare for the next steps.

4. Success rate of embryo transfer

Factors affecting the success rate

The success rate of embryo transfer is influenced by a combination of key factors that play a decisive role in assisted reproductive technology. First and foremost embryo qualityThe chromosomal normality and developmental potential of the embryo is a central factor in successful fertilization. For example, chromosomal abnormalities may result in the embryo failing to develop properly, and women of advanced age are particularly susceptible to such problems. Next. Age of surrogate mother, young surrogate mothers typically have healthier uterine environments and higher pregnancy success rates because age affects endometrial tolerance and hormone levels. And finally. uterine environment, including endometrial thickness, blood supply and tolerance. Studies have shown that the ideal endometrial thickness is 8-12 mmThe possibility of embryo implantation is significantly increased by good blood circulation.

statistical data

According to research data, there are differences in success rates for different types of embryos. Here are the specific statistics:

The success rates of fresh and frozen embryos were essentially equal, but after the genetic testing of embryos have a higher success rate of up to 75-80%. This is due to the ability of genetic testing to screen for chromosomally normal embryos, thereby significantly improving pregnancy rates. These data suggest that selecting high-quality embryos and optimizing the uterine environment are key strategies for improving success rates.

5. Timetable for surrogacy

The complete process of surrogacy

The process of surrogacy usually takes 14 to 22 months, the exact timing depends on the progress of multiple steps, including matching, medical screening, embryo creation and transfer. Below are the main stages of surrogacy:

1. matching phase: Matching the prospective parents with a surrogate mother is the first step in the surrogacy process and usually requires 3 to 16 months, the exact timing depends on the prospective parents' requirements and criteria for surrogate motherhood.
2. medical screening: Surrogate mothers are required to undergo a thorough physical examination, including blood tests, uterine evaluation and psychological assessment to ensure that she is physically and emotionally fit for pregnancy.
3. embryo manufacture: Through in vitro fertilization (IVF), an egg and sperm are combined in a laboratory to form an embryo, a process that can take several weeks.
4. embryo transfer: The embryo is transferred into the uterus of the surrogate mother, usually in the contracted Within 3.5 monthsComplete the first transplant.
5. Pregnancy and childbirth: From embryo transfer to delivery takes approximately 9 monthsDuring this period, the surrogate mother undergoes regular labor and delivery tests to ensure the health of the fetus.

pivotal point in time

• Two weeks after embryo transfer: A pregnancy test is performed to confirm that the embryo has successfully implanted.
• First trimester of pregnancy: This is a critical period in the development of the embryo and requires special attention to nutrition and health.
• Time of delivery: Usually in the post embryo transfer Around 9 monthsThe baby will be born without incident.

With a clear timeline, prospective parents and surrogate mothers can better plan and manage the entire surrogacy process.

6. Risks and challenges

medical risk

Medical risks that can occur during surrogacy include:

1. Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS): This is a condition in which the ovaries swell as a result of hormone therapy and is common in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) or injections of ovulation stimulating drugs. Mild OHSS may manifest only as bloating, mild abdominal pain or nausea, and usually resolves on its own within a week. However, severe cases may result in significant lower abdominal distension, nausea and vomiting, thirst, and even accompanying diarrhea and ascites, requiring hospitalization. In surrogate mothers with successful pregnancies, symptoms of OHSS may last longer and require close monitoring.
2. Failure of embryo implantation: Even if the embryo is of good quality, it may not successfully attach to the uterus due to the uterine environment or other unknown factors. This not only affects the success rate, but may also be psychologically devastating to the prospective parents.
3. multiple pregnancy: If more than one embryo is transferred, it may result in a twin or multiple pregnancy, increasing the risk of pregnancy complications, such as preterm labor or gestational hypertension.

Emotional risk

Surrogacy is an emotional challenge for both the surrogate mother and the parents-to-be:

• surrogate mother: Anxiety or stress may be felt, especially while waiting for the results of a pregnancy test. This uncertainty can trigger mood swings and even affect physical health.
• expectant parents: They may worry about whether the surrogacy process went well and about the health of the child. The emotional loss may be especially strong in the event of a failed embryo transfer or complications. It is therefore particularly important to provide psychological counseling and the help of support groups to relieve stress and enhance communication between the two parties.

7. Tips for improving the success of embryo transfer

Lifestyle advice

In order to increase the success rate of embryo transfer, surrogate mothers need to pay special attention to the details of their daily lives. The following are specific recommendations:

1. Healthy Eating: A nutritionally balanced diet is essential for embryo attachment and development. It is recommended to consume foods rich in protein, vitamins and minerals, such as fish, nuts, leafy green vegetables (e.g., spinach and kale), legumes (e.g., soybeans and tofu), and whole grains (e.g., brown rice and whole-wheat bread). In addition, avoid excessive intake of caffeine and alcohol, which may negatively affect embryonic development.
2. physical exercise: Moderate exercise helps to improve blood circulation and provide more adequate nutrients to the uterus. Studies have shown that light aerobic exercise (such as walking, yoga or swimming) not only relieves stress, but also regulates bodily functions, thus improving the success rate of embryo transfer. However, overwork or strenuous exercise should be avoided.
3. adequate sleep: A good night's sleep is important for recovery and hormonal balance. It is recommended to ensure a daily 7-8 hours of quality sleep and avoiding late nights to help your body stay in top shape.

Psychological support

Psychological state also has a significant impact on the success of embryo transfer. Surrogate mothers can help by joining Surrogacy Support Group Or seek professional counseling to relieve anxiety and stress. Talking to someone with experience and sharing feelings and experiences can help her cope better with emotional challenges and gain confidence.

Frequently Asked Questions

Many people may have questions during the surrogate embryo transfer process. Here are some common questions about the process and their answers to help you better understand the details.

1. Does the embryo transfer procedure hurt?

The embryo transfer procedure is usually a painless and quick procedure that takes about 10-15 minutes. Unlike the egg retrieval procedure, embryo transfer does not require anesthesia, so surrogate mothers do not feel any significant pain. Some women may feel slight discomfort or abdominal pressure, but this sensation is usually short-lived. After the procedure, your doctor may recommend a period of rest to ensure that your body adjusts.

2. How soon after embryo transfer will you know if you are pregnant?

After embryo transfer, the surrogate mother will need to wait for approximately two-week Perform a pregnancy test. This is because after the successful implantation of the embryo, the body produces a substance called β-hCG The only way to accurately confirm pregnancy is through a blood test. During this period, surrogate mothers may feel some early pregnancy reactions such as fatigue, breast tenderness or light bleeding, but these symptoms are not a basis for judgment.

3. Why do some people choose frozen embryos over fresh ones?

The success rates of frozen and fresh embryos are essentially equal, but frozen embryos offer some flexibility. For example, frozen embryos can be transferred when the surrogate mother is in optimal physical condition without having to worry about synchronizing with the timing of the egg retrieval cycle. In addition, frozen embryos that have been genetically tested can further increase the success rate because they have been subjected to rigorous screening.

reach a verdict

Embryo transfer surgery is a crucial part of the surrogacy process. By knowing what to expect, surrogate mothers and intended parents can face the process with more confidence. With adequate preparation, care and support, the chances of successfully conceiving a healthy baby are very high.